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This post is a continuation from the previous: Al-Madd Al-Laazim: Kalimee
If you’ve made it to this point… then know that you’re just 6 counts away from finishing the foundational tajweed rules! 🙂 One last omph and you can badge up a .:mujawwid/ah:. tag and stick it on your galaabeeyah 🙂
Al-Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee: letter based necessary prolongation is the second branch of al-madd al-laazim. This posts discusses the difference between al-madd al-laazim harfee mukhfaffaf and harfee muthaqal as outlined in the diagram.
Both types of madd laazim harfee only apply to those chapters in the Quran that start with letters. Some of these surahs include Surat Al-Baqarah, Surat Maryam, and Surat Qaaf. Each surah begins with letters that have a special case, all of which the al-madd al-laazim tajweed rule covers.
First it should be noted that there are 3 exceptions.
The first of which is the letter alif ( ا ). This letter is not prolonged, rather it is said plainly: “alif”.
Next, the letters,
ح ي ط هـ ر
raa, haa, taa, yaa, haa,
are only prolonged for 2 counts. You can remember these letters by remembering the phrase
حي طهر
hayy tuhr
Note: these letters are not said as they are in the alphabet. Meaning, you do not say yaa’ ( ياء ) rather, only yaa ( يا ) is said. This applies for all 5 letters.
The last exception is the letter ‘ayn ( ع ). This letter, as agreed upon by many scholars, can be prolonged for 2, 4, or 6 counts with 4 counts being the preferred length. I haven’t completely grasped the wisdom behind this – maybe you could input your knowledge of this exception. 🙂
Al-madd al-laazim hafree muthaqal (heavy letter based necessary prolongation) only occurs in one form (in the Quran). It is where one of the letters (at the opening of a surah) is pronounced using three sounds, where the middle sound is a harf madd and the last sound is merged with the beginning sound of the next letter.
Let’s put this into context. The opening of Surat Al-Baqarah is alif – laam – meem.
One of these letters is pronounced with three sounds. It is laam.
ل
pronounced ( لام )
The first sound is “L” the second, a harf madd is “aa” (for alif) and the third is a meem, “mm”.
The next letter after laam is meem. The last sound of laam is “mm” and the beginning sound of meem is “mm”, hence the two “mm” sounds are merged during recitation, fulfilling the conditions of heavy letter based necessary prolongation.
The example:
alif – laaammeeem
Al-madd al-laazim hafree mukhaffaf (light letter based necessary prolongation) applies to those letters which do not merge. Each letter is prolonged for 6 counts, except where the above exceptions occur. The letters for this type of madd have 3 sounds. The middle is a harf madd, and the end is a saakin (hence why no merging occurs). An example is the letter qaaf.
ق
pronounced ( قافْ )
The first sound is a “Q”. The second a harf madd, “aa” for alif, the third is a saakin faa “ff”.
The letters that apply to this type of madd are,
ن ق ص ع س ل ك م
meem, kaaf, laam, seen, ‘ayn, saad, qaaf, noon
You can remember these letters by remembering the phrase,
نقصَ عَسَلُكُم
naqasa ‘asalukum
Examples of light letter based necessary prolongation are as follow [where cts = counts]:
haa meeem
2 cts – 6 cts
kaaaf haa yaa ‘ayyn saaad
6 cts – 2 cts – 2 cts – 4 cts – 6 cts
‘ayyn seeen qaaaf
4 cts – 6 cts – 6 cts
nooon
6 cts
I’ve run out of breath. Hope everything makes sense.
If you need any clarifications, buzz through. 🙂
Resources Link:
– ‘Jadwal Al-Mudood’, ninth madd listed
– ‘Tajweed Basics Foundations And More’ covers a range of mudood
Note, these documents are found on the resources page.
Related Posts: Ahkaam Al-Madd – Al-Madd Al-Tabee’ee – Al-Madd Al-Waajib Al-Mutasil – Al-Madd Al-Jaa’ez Al-Munfasil – Al-Madd Al-’Iwad – Al-Madd Al-Badal – Al-Madd Al-Leen – Al-Madd Al-’Aarid Lil Sukoon – Al-Madd Al-Laazim: Kalimee.
Tajweed Me 